Eurostat reports on 2025 general government gross debt composition and costs

According to Eurostat data published on Monday, the apparent cost of general government gross debt in Cyprus reached 2% in 2025, up from 1.9% in 2024. While debt structures such as duration and financial instruments vary significantly across EU member states, the currency denomination remains highly uniform. By the end of 2025, over 99.5% of gross debt in all eurozone countries was denominated in euros. Countries outside the eurozone, such as the Czech Republic and Sweden, hold over 90% of their debt in their national currencies. Only Bulgaria and Romania reported over 50% of debt in foreign currencies, at 75% and 53% respectively, with the majority of this foreign currency debt being in euros. Significant foreign currency debt shares were also noted in Hungary at 32%, Poland at 26%, and Denmark at 24%. Overall, more than 90% of the EU's total gross general government debt is denominated either in euros or in the respective national currency of the non-eurozone member states.