Increase in invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections reported in Europe and Cyprus

A significant rise in invasive disease caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae has been recorded across Europe, reaching historic highs since 1996. While the name suggests influenza, the pathogen is a bacterium transmitted through respiratory droplets, primarily affecting infants and the elderly. The infection can lead to severe health complications, including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

According to a report released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) on September 30, 2026, Cyprus has observed a notable increase in cases. In 2024, there were 11 confirmed cases, compared to two in 2023, three in 2022, and one in 2021. The incidence rate in Cyprus rose from 0.2 to 1.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

Experts, including Professor of Molecular Virology Petros Karayiannis, note that while the rise is concerning, the absolute number of cases remains small, and there is no cause for public alarm. The primary concern relates to the emergence of six new subtypes of the bacterium. Health officials emphasize that existing childhood vaccines target the original strain, and parents are urged to ensure children are fully vaccinated according to the recommended schedule starting at six weeks of age.